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Er' blog de Arawako be Free!

Another site of a Venezuelan system administrator, pro Free Software

LEMP

Instalar Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP en Debian y Ubuntu en sus últimas versiones estables y lts

Esta guía mostrará cómo montar un servidor Web usando las tecnologías de Software Libre mencionadas en el título, sin más preámbulos pongamos manos a la obra. Actualizar el sistema

user@server:~$ apt-get update && apt-get -y upgrade

Servidor Web NGINX

Instalación

sudo apt-get install nginx

Probar la instalación

w3m localhost

Welcome to nginx!
   
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
   
For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.
   
Thank you for using nginx.
                                                
                                                  
<=UpDn Viewing <Welcome to nginx!>

Para salir del navegador presionar la letra q

ps aux|grep nginx
root      8974  0.0  0.1 125008  1488 ?        Ss   22:18   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
www-data  8975  0.0  0.2 125368  2368 ?        S    22:18   0:00 nginx: worker process
www-data  8976  0.0  0.1 125368  2064 ?        S    22:18   0:00 nginx: worker process
user      9765  0.0  0.0 11224   900 pts/0     S+   22:39   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

Manejador de Base de Datos Mysql

Instalar Mysql Server

user@server:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Se le pedirá una contraseña root, ingrese una aunque no se muestra, esta se usará para labores administrativas. Ejecutar script para dar seguridad a Mysql

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   
Enter password for user root: 
   
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
   
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y solo si quiere activar el plugin, yo no lo recomiendo :-)
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : 
   
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
   
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
   
  
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
   
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
   
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
   
 
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
   
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
   
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
   
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
   
All done!

Procesador de Hypertexto PHP

Instalando PHP para trabajar con NGINX y Mysql

sudo apt-get install php-fpm php-mysql

Configurando PHP

sudo vim /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini

Buscar y cambiar

;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

Por

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

Esto debido a que NGINX usa php-fpm (fastCGI process manager) y este cambio nos ayuda a hacer más seguro a PHP en este tipo de instalación.

Solo queda reiniciar PHP para que cargue la configuración.

sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm

Preparar NGINX para servir PHP

Editando el Virtualhost por defecto

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Sustituir todo por esto

server {
   listen 80 default_server;
   listen [::]:80 default_server;
  
   root /var/www/html;
      index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
  
      server_name server_domain_or_IP;
   
      location / {
         try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
      }
   
   location ~ \.php$ {
         include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
         fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
      }
   
      location ~ /\.ht { 
         deny all;
      }
}

Verificar si no hay errores en la sintaxis

sudo nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

Recargar la configuración de NGINX

sudo systemctl reload nginx

Comprobar que está funcionando PHP

Crear el archivo info.php Este archivo es solo para pruebas, debe ser eliminado si estás configurando un ambiente de producción

sudo vim /var/www/html/info.php

Añade lo siguiente

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Navega en http://localhost/info.php

w3m http://localhost/info.php

Aparecerá algo como esto

PHP logo

PHP Version 7.0.32-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
  
System        Linux TragicVelvety-VM 2.6.32-042stab127.2 #1 SMP Thu Jan 4 16:41:44 MSK 2018 x86_64
Server API    FPM/FastCGI
Virtual
Directory     disabled
Support
Configuration
File          /etc/php/7.0/fpm
(php.ini)
Path
Loaded
Configuration /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
File
Scan this dir
for           /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d
additional
.ini files
              /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/10-mysqlnd.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/10-opcache.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/
              10-pdo.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-calendar.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-ctype.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm
              /conf.d/20-exif.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-fileinfo.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-ftp.ini, /etc/php/
Additional    7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-gettext.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-iconv.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-json.ini, /
.ini files    etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-mysqli.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-pdo_mysql.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/
parsed        20-phar.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-posix.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-readline.ini, /etc/php/7.0/
              fpm/conf.d/20-shmop.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-sockets.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-sysvmsg.ini, /
               etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-sysvsem.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-sysvshm.ini, /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/
               20-tokenizer.ini
<=UpDn Viewing <phpinfo()>

Sal presionando la tecla q.

O si prefieres pudes abrir un navegador tradicional y escribir la ip del servidor donde has alojado los servicios, http://127.0.0.1/info.php

Elimina el archivo info luego de la prueba.

sudo rm /var/www/html/info.php

Eso es todo.

Referencia https://www.digitalocean.com